Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life. Unlike the normal kind of anxiety that comes and goes, GAD is chronic and often interferes with day-to-day activities.
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
GAD is a mental health condition where people experience excessive anxiety and worry about specific events or activities. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), GAD is clinically diagnosed when restless anxiety and worry occur more days than not over a span of time.
Symptoms of GAD
People with GAD may feel significant distress or impairment at work, at home and during social interactions. People with GAD often experience a range of symptoms that can vary in severity. The DSM-5 outlines criteria for diagnosing GAD, including:
- Chronic worry. Persistent anxiety about topics that might include personal health, work interactions and everyday routines.
- Physical symptoms. Muscle tension, headaches, nausea and fatigue are common physical manifestations of GAD.
- Cognitive signs. Difficulty concentrating, the mind going blank and chronic indecisiveness can occur.
- Behavioral symptoms. Procrastinating, self-doubt and seeking constant reassurance from others.
GAD is one of the most common anxiety disorders. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2.7% of the U.S. adult population experienced GAD last year. Lifetime prevalence rates suggest that about 5.7% of people will experience GAD at some point in their lives.
Demographics
GAD can affect people of all ages but often begins in childhood or adolescence. Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with GAD, according to the NIMH. The condition is more prevalent in people with a family history of anxiety or other mental health disorders.
Genetics
Research suggests that GAD has a genetic component. Studies have shown that people with a family history of anxiety disorders are more likely to develop GAD themselves. A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors often leads to the onset of the disorder.
Environmental factors
While genetics play a significant role, environmental factors also contribute to the development of GAD. Stressful life events, addictions, trauma and chronic medical conditions can increase the risk of developing GAD.
Treatment Plans for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
By addressing both genetic and environmental factors and using a combination of psychotherapy, medication and lifestyle modifications, patients with GAD can lead fulfilling, productive lives. Complementary therapeutic solutions can include:
Psychotherapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatments. It helps people identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors. Through CBT, patients can learn coping skills and strategies to manage anxiety.
Medication
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are often the first line of treatment, and include drugs like Sertraline and Fluoxetine.
- Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) are a class of medications which also treat depression and chronic pain.
- Benzodiazepines are sometimes prescribed for short-term relief of severe anxiety but not generally recommended for long-term use due to the risk of dependency.
Lifestyle changes
- Consistent, moderate exercise most days of the week
- A nutritious, vitamin-rich diet
- 7-8 hours of quality sleep
- Relaxation practices like yoga and meditation
Understanding the symptoms, genetic factors and treatment options can help manage and overcome GAD. If you or someone you know is struggling, seek professional help to develop an effective treatment plan.
Get in touch with us
Emerald Coast Behavioral Hospital in Panama City, FL, provides inpatient and outpatient psychiatric treatment for people of all ages. To schedule a no-cost assessment, call 850-763-0017. Licensed mental health professionals are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.